Improvement in quadruplex telegraphs



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

0. NICHOLSON. Quadruplex Telegraphs'.

No. 196,248. Patented Oct.-I6,1877.

iii/122mm.

@M QM' FETER$, PHOTO- L moGRAPHER WASMDNGTON D C 3 Sheets-Sheet H. O.NICHOLSON.

Quadruple): Telegraphs.

Patented Oct. 16,1877.

N. PEIERS, FNOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHiNGTON. D C.

3 SheetsSheet 3.

H. UNIGHOLSON. QuadruplexTelegraphs.

No. 196,248. Patented Oct. 16,1877.

I fliimuw Z 3 Qk/a/M [nae/4101?.

N.PETERS, PHOTD-LITHOGRAPHER WASHINGTON, D C.

UNITED STATEs HENRY (.LNIOHOLSON, OF KENTON, KY., ASSIGNOR TO THE\VESTEEN UNION I PATENT Orrron.

TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF NEW YORK CITY.

IMPROVEMENT IN QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,248, dated October16, 1877; application filed September 1, 1877.

To all whom "it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY O. NICHOLSON, of Kenton, Kenton county,Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ElectricTelegraphs, of which the following is a specification: I

This invention relates to singleli'ne quadruplex telegraphs, organizedto operate with currents differing in polarity and in intensity,according as the keys are actuated separately or simultaneously upon arelay or relays governing the requisite sounders or other suitable instrinnents of telegraphic communication.

The features hereinafter described and claimed cover a part of myapplication for Letters Patent, filed October 14, 1874, which has beenput in interference with other pending applications, and from which thispart has been withdrawn under the existing Rules of Practice in theUnited States Patent Office.

The improvements now under consideration consist, first, of thecombination, with two main batteries or a divided main battery at onestation, of two keys,.one of which is adapted to govern one of thebatteries, while the other, besides controlling the other battery, alsodetermines the polarity of the batterycurrent sent bfithe first key;second, in the employment, in a system such as above described, of mainbatteries normally entirely disconnected from the line; third, of thecombination, with one of the keys, of a circuit preserving and reversinglever.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of myimproved keys. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the reversing portion ofthe keys. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the device for breaking orconnecting with either ground or line. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevationof the end of one of the keys. Fig. 5 is a diagram ofa completetelegraphic circuit by my method. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing thecondition of the circuits at a station when both transmitting-keys areopen and the line is excited by a current from a distant station.

. In' Fig. 5, A A aremain batteries, situated at the ends of a circuit,and furnishing positive and negative currents. B B are keys actuatingthe double transmission-keys O G bymeans of a local battery, D. The keys0 C, as

shown in Fig. 1, resting upon bearings c c c, are in perfect connection,and are actuated by the local current through magnets b b, uponcustomary armatures. To keep the armatures free from the magnets, exceptwhen influenced by a local current, I provide retaining-springsc 0. Oneend of the key O is fitted with an insulated hook, I, connecting withthe frame E of the reverser through point N, as shown by dotted lines,Fig. 1, and has a spring, 0, to play between this hook and a contactpoint, F, connecting with the positive pole of the battery. The otherend of key 0, when in its normal state, or open, finds a rest on thepoint G. One end of key G has intermittent connection with negative poleof the right battery through point H and point L, and has aspring-connection to facilitate its intermittent play upon a reverser,E, at its other end. This reverser consists, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,of aleverfl, hung in frame E by its center, and forms an insulatedintermittent.

connection from key 0 to east wire through connecting-spring 6 andinsulated point 7 in the frame E. The spring 6 also forms intermittentconnection between frame E and west wire through hook 5. Below springlis an a11- vil, 9, for breaking the connection between spring 4 andhook 5.

The flow of the currents from the main batteries may be described asfollows. It must first be stated, however, that the main batteries arenormally disconnected entirely from the line, as will be seen byreference to Fig. 6 and, also, that the connections of the batterieswith reference to the line and the grormd at one station are the reverseof those at the other station, as clearly shown in Fig. 5.

Let the keys at station 11 be in their normal conditionthat is, standopen. If, now, the right key 0 of station 1 be depressed, a positivecurrent will proceed from the right battery A of such station to line byway of point J, and reach the earth T at the distant station 11 by thefollowing route at said station 11, namely, through point K; thencethrough the reverser by way of hook 5 and springs 3 and 4; thencethrough the keys (3 and G thence, by way of spring 0 and hook I of key-O, through point N; thence back through the reverser by way of itselements 1, 6, and 7 yand thence, finally, through point J. The negative' pole of battery A at station 1 is at the same time brought inconnection with the groundT at'this station, completing the cir- G, andpoints Gr and K, if such points are connected, as shown; otherwise, theroute from key 0 passes, byway of its spring cand hook l,topoint N,thence through the reverser by way of its elements 1, 6, and 5; andthence, finally, through point r r lWhen the left key 0 is depressed-atstation r l, a negative ourrent will proceed from the left or west ofbattery A of that station to the line by way of point N; thence through.the -re-' 'verser by way, of its parts '1, 6, and '7 and thence throughpoint J. It will reach the earth T at station 11 by the same route dcscribed as the one followed by the positive current. The positive poleof battery A at 7 station 1,.to complete the circuit, is at the sametime brought in connection withthe ously, battery A at station 1 will bereversed, so that its negative pole, instead of connect ing with theline, will be to the earth T at this station by way of point N, throughthe reverser by way of its parts 1, 6, and 5, and through point K: Atthe same time its post time pole forms a connection with the negativepole of thebatteryA, I so that the batteriesjoin forces by way of pointM, point or post 'F,

keys 0 and G, spring h of key C, post H, and point L. The result is thata positive current of increased intensity proceeds to line through pointJ from the positive pole of battery A, reaching the earth T at station11 by the route heretofore described, while the nega tive pole ofbattery A, by connecting with the the earth T at station 1, in themanner al ready stated, completes the circuit.

A depression of either one or both keys G and C at station 11, while thekeys at station 1 stand open, will cause circuits to be made through thestations in the same manner, except that the batteries here beingreversed, the line-currents consequent upon the closing of either one orboth keys will also be of reverse polarity. The outgoing current isdivided at the post H of relay X, Fig. 5', into two currents of equalintensity, which run, in opposite directions, through the helices of anordinary differential electro-magnet of this relay, neutralizing eachother so as to leave the elect-ro-magnet unaffected. One of the currentsthen passes through the line to the distant station, while the othermakes a short circuit through the rheostat O and condenser P, theresistance of which is regulated to equal that of the line.

An incoming current passing through only one of the helices ofthedifferential elect-ro magnet will produce an effect thereon. The

play and interplay ofthe currents is quite complicated; but a lengthyexplanation thereof would be out of place, since any one skilled cuit byway of point L, point H, keys 0 and Z in the art can, from theforegoing.description, readily formulate the difierent conditions thatmay arise. It is sufficient to state, generally,

that the play. of the keys at one station controls always in the samedegree the nature of the 7 effective currents of the differentialmagnetat therelay 84134116013116]? station. r r The relay controls the effectof the difierent currents on the local circuits of the tworeceivin'ginstriuncuts or sounders N and Q in such a manner that onlythe one or the other of these will operate, according thedifferentialmagnct is excited by a negative or a positive ciuront,either not exceeding a certainintensity, while both sounders will operate'when the differential niagnet is excited by V a currentof increasedtension. 7

-These results may be accomplished by the introduction of suchrelays'andlooal circuits Z as setforth inthe description and drawingsofthe other branch ofmyinvention, under the original application ofOctober "14,1874. 7

. It will be observed that I use the combinamake no claim in thisapplication, because the 'claiin covering. that combination remains inthe original application ofOctober 14, 18 74.

What I claim as my invention, and desire tosecure by Letters atent, is

1. The combination, substantially as specified, with the main line atone station, of two main batteries, or a divided battery and two keys,one key being adapted to close the circuit of one of the batteries orsections, and the other to close the circuit of the other battery orsection, as well as to determine the polarity of the battery-currentsent by the first key.

2. The combination, substantially as specified, with the main line atone station, of two main batteries, or a divided battery, normallyentirely disconnected from the line, and two keys, one key being adaptedto close the circuit of one of the batteries or sections, and the otherto close the other battery or section, as well as to determine thepolarity of the battery-current sent by the first key.

3. The combination, substantially as specified, of the key 0 and thecircuit preserving and reversing lever.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to the foregoingspecification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHENEY O. NICHOLSON.

Witnesses:

Guns. A. NEALE, JNo. D. PATTEN.

